Canadian Community Health Survey captures more bicycling/walking than the census. Across data sources, walking more common among women than men. Men had higher risk of a fatality than women for bicycling and walking. Both data sources have key limitations for measuring bicycling and walking. Implementing a national household travel survey should be a priority in Canada.
People bicycling for leisure were more likely to be younger, male, higher income, and identify as white. Few bicyclists commuted by bike.
Data from 8 North American show the odds of reporting a bicycling crash were lower in cities that had existing PBSPs (Boston, Montreal, Toronto).
Data from 7 European cities show higher crash risks for less frequent cyclists, men, those who perceive cycling to not be well regarded in their neighbourhood, and those who live in areas of very high building density.
In our case study we found that measuring bicycling once, resulted in a larger sample with better representation of sociodemographic groups, but different estimates of long-term bicycling behaviour.
We found bicyclists with greater spatial access to bicycling specific infrastructure had a higher likelihood of perceiving bicycling to be safe.
Study protocol for assessing impacts of bicycling infrastructure on mid-sized cities.
Crowdsourced collision data have potential to fill in gaps in reports to official collision sources and that crowdsourced near-miss reporting may be influenced by perceptions of risk.